Methodology / Source transparency

References

The AIR Programme maintains separate reference layers for scholarship, case-level public evidence and social-context indicators. Their evidential functions are different and are not interchangeable.

Manuscript bibliography
55 extracted references
Case evidence
713 retained URL occurrences internal; not publicly listed
Context sources
118 public source IDs
Current task
Metadata verification

Three kinds of source

Scholarship

Conceptual and empirical literature

Used to define questions, situate AIR, identify rival explanations and assess what existing research can and cannot establish.

Case evidence

Record-level public sources

Used to support dates, conduct, legal status, victims, actors and coded pathway evidence for a specific record.

Social context

Indicator sources

Used to define and populate country-year measures. Source, unit, population, comparability and series-break metadata travel with the indicator.

Interpretation

Sources do not substitute for design

A respected source does not turn an ecological comparison into causal evidence or a theoretical claim into a verified case fact.

Manuscript bibliography

The citations below were extracted from the submitted AIR manuscript. Their presence documents what the manuscript cited; it does not mean that every bibliographic field, URL or substantive claim has completed independent verification. That work is being recorded separately.

Verification boundary. Citation extraction has been checked against the submitted document. Records currently retain the status “citation extracted—not independently verified” unless explicitly updated.

Loading reference register…

    Case and social-context evidence

    The public Social Context source index is kept with its release so that source identifiers, names and retained links can be inspected without relying on a prose bibliography. Case-source and internal evidence-management fields remain in the research infrastructure but are outside the project lead-approved 22-field public case schema. Their omission from the public case CSV is a data-minimisation decision, not a statement that the case records lack underlying public-source research.

    Reference verification is versioned work

    Metadata verification should check author or institutional body, title, year, publisher or journal, DOI or stable URL, and the source’s actual relevance to the claim for which it is used. A citation can be bibliographically correct yet still be weak evidence for a particular inference.

    Corrections will be attached to the affected register or release rather than silently changing a citation. Where a source cannot be directly accessed, that limitation will be stated.

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